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BEER INSTRUMENT
Experimental cave – Technical requirements and design
description
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS
BEER instrument
CONTENT
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 ESS – EUROPEAN SPALLATION SOURCE .....................................................................................................................................4
1.2 BEER INSTRUMENT .......................................................................................................................................................................4
1.3 REQUIREMENT LEVEL INTERPRETATION.........................................................................................................................................4
2 EXPERIMENTAL CAVE ......................................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 INTERFACES....................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 EXTERNAL LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN & ASSUMPTIONS......................................................................................................................................8
3 SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 OVERVIEW LAYOUT .......................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2 UNIT 1 – CAVE SHIELDING............................................................................................................................................................9
3.2.1 RADIATION SAFETY DESIGN .....................................................................................................................................................9
3.2.2 RADIATION SAFETY ASSUMPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2.3 GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.4 IMPORTANT NOTE................................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.5 OVERALL CAVE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.6 FOUNDATIONS AND FLOOR SUPPORTS ................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.7 CAVE WALLS............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.8 CAVE INNER FLOOR AND CEILING .......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.9 PERSONAL ENTRY ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 UNIT 2 – CAVE SLIDING DOOR................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.3.1 DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................20
3.3.2 REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................................................................20
3.3.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN............................................................................................................................................................. 22
3.4 UNIT 3 – CAVE INTERNAL CRANE ............................................................................................................................................. 23
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................23
3.4.2 REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................23
3.4.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN.............................................................................................................................................................23
3.5 UNIT 4 – CAVE BEAM-STOP ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.5.1 DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................24
3.5.2 REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................................................................25
3.5.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN............................................................................................................................................................. 25
3.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION....................................................................................................................................................... 25
4 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
FIGURES
FIGURE 1: THE BEER INSTRUMENT SCHEMATIC LAYOUT..................................................................................................................................5
FIGURE 2: 3D VIEW OF THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE BEER EXPERIMENTAL CAVE – EXTERIOR. ...........................................................6
FIGURE 3: 3D VIEW OF THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE BEER EXPERIMENTAL CAVE – INTERIOR. THE STRUCTURE OF THE GUIDE
EXCHANGER (BLUE STRUCTURE) IS ALSO SHOWN (NOT PART OF THIS TENDER). ............................................................................................6
FIGURE 4: GENERAL LAYOUT OF BEER INSTRUMENT, BEER EXPERIMENTAL CAVE.......................................................................................9
FIGURE 5: THE EXPERIMENTAL CAVE LAYOUT DRAWING WITH MAJOR DIMENSIONS. ................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 6: THE EXPERIMENTAL CAVE MODEL USED FOR RADIOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS................................................................................ 12
FIGURE 7: THE OVERVIEW OF THE FOUNDATION PRE-CAST BLOCKS ARRANGEMENT. ................................................................................. 14
FIGURE 8: THE OVERVIEW OF THE WALL PRE-CAST PANELS ARRANGEMENT. ............................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 9: THE OVERVIEW OF THE CAVE FLOOR PLATFORM (PRE-CAST PANELS) ARRANGEMENT............................................................... 18
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 1/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
FIGURE 10: THE OVERVIEW OF THE CEILING PRE-CAST PANELS AND BEAMS ARRANGEMENT. ..................................................................... 18
FIGURE 11: THE OVERVIEW OF THE ACCESS STAIRCASE FOR THE PERSONAL ENTRANCE. ............................................................................ 20
FIGURE 12: THE SHIELDING PART OF THE SLIDING DOORS............................................................................................................................ 22
FIGURE 13: 3D VIEW OF THE CLOSED (LEFT) AND OPEN (RIGHT) SLIDING DOOR OF THE EXPERIMENTAL CAVE. ....................................... 23
FIGURE 14: THE SCHEMATIC VIEW OF THE BRIDGE CRANE SITUATION WITHIN THE CAVE. .......................................................................... 24
FIGURE 15: THE CAVE BEAM-STOP DETAILED DESCRIPTION. LEFT – SIDE VIEW, RIGHT – FRONT/ALONG-BEAM VIEW. ............................. 25
Tables
TABLE 1: EXPERIMENTAL CAVE STRUCTURE - INTERFACES ............................................................................................................................... 7
TABLE 2: THE CRANE PARAMETERS................................................................................................................................................................ 24
TABLE 3: THE LIST OF AVAILABLE DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS FROM THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE CAVE. ................................... 26
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 2/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BEER Beamline for European Engineering Materials Research
Bidder Party that offers a tender return
CBS Cost Breakdown Structure
CDR Comprehensive Design Review
CH BEER Instrument Experimental Control Hutch
CTV Call for Tender Verification
EC BEER Instrument Experimental CAVE
ESS European Spallation Source
ESS European Spallation Source ERIC
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
IRR Installation Readiness Review
KOM Kick Off Meeting
NPI Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i.
NSS Neutron Scattering Systems
PSS Personal Safety System
RFI Ready For Installation
SAR Safety Systems Acceptance Review
SAT Site Acceptance Test
SSDD Sub-System Design Description
Supplier Party that is awarded the contract
TA Technical Annex
TCS Technical Coordination System
TG Tollgate
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1 INTRODUCTION
This document describes the technical requirements and conceptual design of the experimental cave
for the diffractometer BEER at ESS.
1.1 ESS – EUROPEAN SPALLATION SOURCE
The European Spallation Source (ESS) ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium) is a multi-
disciplinary research facility based on the world’s most powerful neutron source with a vision to
enable scientific breakthroughs in research related to materials, energy, health and the environment,
and address some of the most important societal challenges of our time. ESS is currently under
construction in Lund, Sweden. The initial suite of neutron instruments will consist of 15 instruments
and a test beamline with further integration of instruments following to complete the projected suite
of 22 instruments. Instruments will include hardware and software necessary to conduct neutron
scattering experiments, collect data and distribute them to users and archive all necessary
information related to the experiments. In addition, ESS or other partner laboratories will support
specific experimental conditions or preparations required by the experimental programs.
Details about the ESS project can be found on https://europeanspallationsource.se/.
1.2 BEER INSTRUMENT
The BEER instrument is one of the instruments built at ESS dedicated to engineering-related research.
The main area of research lies in the study of advanced materials under the real processing or
application conditions to develop new or adapt existing materials for particular purposes. In addition,
BEER will also address the studies dedicated to understanding the internal microstructure of the
materials or their change during or after processing. More about the driving ideas behind BEER
design can be found in BEER – Concept of Operations [1] or on the instrument webpage1.
The shielded experimental cave is one of the key components that endure radiation safety during
experiments. The cave provides shielded space where the neutron scattering experiments take place
and prevents neutrons and gamma photons from escaping into the unprotected area of the
experimental hall. This document summarises the technical requirements and describes the
conceptual design of the instrument cave, which meets these requirements, as well as the ESS
standards, technical policies and radiological calculations, which were approved by ESS authorities.
1.3 REQUIREMENT LEVEL INTERPRETATION
The keywords "must", "shall", and "should" in this document are to be interpreted as follows:
1. "must", "shall", or "has/have to" is an absolute requirement of the specification.
2. "should" means that there may exist valid reasons in certain circumstances to ignore a
particular item or ease a requirement, but the full implications should be understood and
carefully weighed and mutually agreed upon before choosing a different course.
1 https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments/beer
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2 EXPERIMENTAL CAVE
2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The experimental cave is a part of the BEER instrument. It is located in the E01 hall at a distance of
about 158 m from the neutron source. Figure 1 shows a schematic layout of the BEER instrument,
and the experimental cave is represented by the grey rectangle on the far right. The structure of the
experimental cave consists of several parts, which can be viewed as separate sub-systems. The
following PBS (project breakdown structure) numbers are identified within the experimental cave
system, which shall be considered for this construction project. The full PBS three is presented in [2].
Figure 1: The BEER instrument schematic layout
• PBS 13.6.6.5.4 – Experimental Cave Shielding
• PBS 13.6.6.5.5 – Experimental Cave Structure
• PBS 13.6.6.5.3.10 – Local crane
• PBS 13.6.6.1.8.6 – Beam Stop
The main functions of the experimental cave can be summarised as follows:
• Shield E01 hall from the radiation produced by the neutron beam and its interaction with
the sample and the cave interior equipment
• Allow simple access to the sample position (beam height 3.127 m above E01 floor)
• Support the internal cave installations – sample tower, detectors, guide system
• Allow easy transport of the voluminous sample environment or samples in and out of the
cave using the entrance door or roof opening
• Allow passage of electrical cables/media pipes in/out of the cave without compromising the
shielding of the wall
• Allow manipulation of the heavy and delicate equipment inside the cave
• Block the primary beam using beam-stop
• Allow quick access for personnel and small samples
Further information about the requirement for the cave can be found in BEER – System Requirements
[3].
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3D view of the conceptual design of the experimental cave from the outside and inside is shown in
Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Figure 2: 3D view of the conceptual design of the BEER experimental cave – exterior.
Figure 3: 3D view of the conceptual design of the BEER experimental cave – interior. The structure of the guide exchanger
(blue structure) is also shown (not part of this tender).
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2.2 INTERFACES
The main interfaces of the experimental cave structure with other systems are described below in
Table 1.
Table 1: Experimental cave structure - interfaces
Number Interface To component
1 Heavy door end-switches and lock Personal safety system
2 Personal entry end-switches and lock Personal safety system
3 Devices (search buttons, blue lights etc.) Personal safety system
4 Wall Feed-through Electrical cables/media pipes
5 Cave walls E01 hall floor
6 Cave front wall Common shielding
7 Cave front wall Elevated wall of E02 hall
8 Cave front wall Support structures in E01
9 Cave front wall Guide system feed-through
10 Cave front wall Guide system support structure
11 Cave roof Overhead crane in E01
12 Elevated floor Sample tower shaft
13 Elevated floor Detector support
14 Elevated floor Guide exchanger
The experimental cave sub-system has the following external interfaces to the subsystems managed
mainly by ESS and provided by its partners and suppliers:
1. Personal safety system (PSS) end switches and locks integration (ESS) – interfaces 1 and 2
2. Personal safety system (PSS) devices (search buttons, blue lights etc.) (ESS) – interface 3
3. Utility connection of power, compressed air and other media managed by the common
electrical and utilities project (ESS) – interface 4
4. E01 and E02 halls floors and structures (ESS) – interfaces 5, 7 and 8
5. E01 overhead crane (ESS) – interface 11
6. Common shielding project (ESS) – interface 6
The internal interfaces of the experimental cave structure are linked to other internal sub-systems of
the BEER instrument, and they are following:
7. A feed-through in the front wall for the guide system (NPI) – interface 9
8. The elevated floor on the E01/E02 boundary for guide support structures (NPI)–interface 10
9. A shaft for the sample tower (Hereon) – interface 12
10. Embedded jars for the kinematics mounts for detectors (Hereon) – interface 13
11. Reinforced floor load for the guide exchanger (NPI) – interface 14
2.2.1 EXTERNAL LIMITATIONS
There is a number of limitations related to the external interfaces. Below is the list of the main
limitations or obstacles related to the experimental cave structure, which have to be considered
during design. Other relevant information about the ESS interfaces can be found in ESS – Instrument
Technical Interfaces [4].
• E01 floor load capacity: 20 t/m2 (see Chapters 4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3 in [4])
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• E01 overhead crane capacity and coverage: 10 tons (see Chapter 4.4.27 in [4])
• E01 overhead crane max. hook height: 10 m (TCS+7 m)
• E01 maximal structure height 9 m (TCS+6 m)
• E01/E02 support beams, wall structures, ramps clearance
2.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN & ASSUMPTIONS
Because the experimental cave needs to fulfil Radiological requirements and guidelines for instrument
shielding design [5] based on the operation and hazardous scenarios [6] for the BEER instrument, the
conceptual design, including the radiological calculation [7], was performed. It was used to define
the size of the cave's inner/outer space as well as the material and the thickness of the walls/roof to
satisfy all ESS regulations. It also helps to describe the engineering challenges which have to be
solved in addition to the basic design (E01 maximum floor load capacity, size of the roof panels,
installation of the heavy doors with 10 tons crane, …).
The following chapters describe the conceptual design (documents and drawings available for
request) and basic technical requirements that must be followed during the detailed design. The
experimental cave structure is divided into four units listed below to describe the sub-system in more
detail. Corresponding PBS numbers are also listed.
• Unit 1 – Cave Shielding (PBS 13.6.6.5.4 and PBS 13.6.6.5.5)
• Unit 2 – Cave Sliding Door (part of PBS 13.6.6.5.5)
• Unit 3 – Cave Internal Crane (PBS 13.6.6.5.3.10)
• Unit 4 – Beam Stop (PBS 13.6.6.1.8.6)
3 SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
3.1 OVERVIEW LAYOUT
The BEER experimental cave is located in the E01 experimental hall on the beam port W02. There are
two neighbouring instruments. On the south side, there is NMX, and on the north side, there is C-
SPEC. The general layout of the BEER instrument within E01 and adjustment E02 hall is presented in
Figure 4.
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Figure 4: General layout of BEER instrument, BEER Experimental Cave.
3.2 UNIT 1 – CAVE SHIELDING
3.2.1 RADIATION SAFETY DESIGN
The conceptual design of the cave shielding structure, as summarised in Technical Report for Civil
part [8], considers all the system requirements [3] and external limitations (Chapter 2.2.1). It was
developed and validated with the help of radiation calculations in order to comply with radiation
safety requirements. The results of these calculations are summarised in the Radiation Safety Analysis
[7].
The radiation safety analysis determined minimum requirements for thicknesses and material
composition of the cave walls, ceiling and floor. In combination with given spatial constraints and
floor load limits, it also determined the requirements for the shape and dimensions of the cave
footprint. Consequently, these requirements must be fulfilled by any future modifications to the
conceptual design. Otherwise, any such modification would require a new radiation safety analysis.
Detailed information on these requirements is provided in the next sections.
The further requirements based on the radiation safety calculations are related to the concrete wall
or roof structures which have to avoid any direct radiation streaming through the walls. The cave
shielding is supposed to be constructed from pre-cast blocks. A chicane geometry for the block
junctions is therefore required, the picture below illustrates the allowed geometries of the block
chicanes. The displacement of the chicane ends, d must be at least 15 cm. The gap width should be
minimized and must not exceed 1 cm. Straight gaps should not lie in a plane which intersects with
the centre of the sample and within ±35 cm from such a plane.
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3.2.2 RADIATION SAFETY ASSUMPTIONS
The shielding property of the experimental cave shall provide sufficient protection (dose limit at the
outside cave surface < 3 μSv/h) from the radiation, even occurring during an experiment or during
hazardous scenarios described in [6]. The inner space of the E01 hall is considered the supervised
area [9]. The experimental cave shall shield its surroundings against the radiation produced by the
neutron beam to safe levels according to ESS radiation safety regulations as specified in [10]. Access
to the cave for sample changes, maintenance, repairs or adjustments is necessary. The surroundings
of the cave must be safe for personnel. It can be verified by dose rate measurements.
3.2.3 GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES
The geometry and dimensions of the cave corresponding to the conceptual design are shown in
Figure 5. The model used for the radiation calculations ([7]), together with material thicknesses and
properties, is illustrated in Figure 6. The required material properties resulting from the radiation
calculations are also summarised below.
• Standard density (2.35 g/cm3) concrete can be used as a structural material for the cave
foundations and roof.
• Heavy concrete (density 3.8 g/cm3) shall be used for the cave walls, which require
strengthened shielding properties.
• The inner walls and roof have to be covered by a layer of B4C-containing material with an
equivalent density of 3 kg of pure B4C per 1 m2.
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Figure 5: The experimental cave layout drawing with major dimensions.
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Heavy concrete 1175 cm Concrete (2.35 g/cm3) roof – 70 cm
(3.8 g/cm3) – 65 cm
530 cm Heavy concrete
Concrete (2.35 g/cm3) (3.8 g/cm3) – 55 cm
floor – 30 cm 120 cm
Concrete (2.35 g/cm3) Beamstop
foundations – 75 cm B4C containing facing
(eqv. 3 kg B4C on 1 m3)
Heavy concrete
(3.8 g/cm3) – 55 cm 90 cm Personal access
Beamstop 345 cm 120 cm Personal access chicane –
Cable trench concrete 2.35 g/cm3 – 55 cm
1175 cm
Sample Enforcing steel
shielding layer 5 cm
Neutron beam
990 cm
Heavy door –
steel – 20 cm B4C containing facing
Gaps 4 cm (bottom gap (eqv. 3 kg B4C on 1 m3)
between floor and door)
Shaft Heavy concrete
(3.8 g/cm3) – 65 cm
Concrete (2.35 g/cm3)
foundations – 75 cm 895.5 cm
B4C containing facing
(eqv. 3 kg B4C on 1 m3)
1145 cm
950 cm
864 cm
Figure 6: The experimental cave model used for radiological simulations.
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3.2.4 IMPORTANT NOTE
Any changes in the cave dimensions, wall thickness, and shielding material composition must be
verified by the radiological calculation and approved by ESS.
3.2.5 OVERALL CAVE REQUIREMENTS
The basic outer dimension requirements for the cave structure are listed below:
R1. The external dimensions of the experimental cave shielding shall be 12.95 x 11 m2
(L x W). The outer dimensions shall not exceed the footprint shown in Figure 5.
R2. The enclosed area of the experimental cave should be maximised.
R3. The cave shall have two door access points. One for equipment access with dimensions
2 x 2.1 m (W x H) and one for personal access with dimensions 0.9 x 2 m (W x H).
R4. The cave shall comply with the radiological calculation in terms of the material,
structure, shape and dimensions.
R5. The structure has to be rigid and able to handle all hazards related to the area.
3.2.6 FOUNDATIONS AND FLOOR SUPPORTS
3.2.6.1 REQUIREMENTS
Below are listed the main requirement for the wall foundations and floor support structures.
R6. The wall foundations and floor support structures should use normal concrete with a
density of 2.35 g/cm3.
R7. If a wider foundation is needed, due to the E01 floor load limit (20 t/m2), the widening
shall preferably be into the interior. The outer dimensions shall not be overridden.
R8. The free space for the entry bay should have dimensions of at least 2.1 x 3.6 m (W x L).
R9. The floor support structures should allow the service access and routing of cables/pipes
or HVAC system utilities.
3.2.6.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. For the assessment and maximum load on the floor slab in E01, see the static analysis presented
in the Static analysis and technical report [11]. The above-mentioned reports can be used as the
template and guidance for the further analysis needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the
design description related to the foundation and floor-supports design.
Requirements for the load capacity in E01 according to the document ESS – Instrument Technical
Interfaces [4] and Basis of structural design SS-EN 1990 [12] are fulfilled. The experimental cave
peripheral foundations are made of pre-cast reinforced concrete blocks of the primary thickness of
750 mm with an extended bottom (because of load distribution). The foundation block has a height
of 1200 mm. These foundation blocks are separated from the E01 floor slab by a strip of heavy
bitumen sheet (SBS modified bitumen sheet with a fibreglass support insert) with a thickness of
3.5 mm. The basement walls are also designed at the entry bay, under the crane pillar, and at the
placement of the technological equipment to ensure the optimum rigidity and load-bearing capacity
of the experimental cave elevated platform (level of TCS-1.5 m). Basement wall thicknesses are
300 mm or 600 mm. Next, there is a designed foundation block (L=1700 mm, W=1000 mm,
H=1450mm) between the octagonal foundation blocks and the front peripheral wall of the cave. This
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block forms the basis for placing the guide exchanger equipment. This massive foundation block of
pre-cast reinforced concrete is separated from other related structures using an expansion joint
with a width of 20 mm. The expansion joint is filled with mineral wool.
At the sample tower shaft, the foundation structure is octagon-shaped. The clear inner width of the
octagonal pit is 1900 mm. There are designed two rows of foundation blocks, a thickness of 600 mm.
The first is the inner circumference of the octagon pit, and the second is below the detector support
outer end. This will prevent the transmission of vibrations from the dynamic load from the sample
tower rotary table. The massive foundation blocks are separated from the E01 floor slab by a strip of
heavy bitumen sheet in the same way as other foundation blocks. The overview of the pre-cast block
foundations is shown in Figure 7.
For service access to the space under the platform (service area), a check opening with a steel
inspection door is designed on the side wall of the entry bay. The foundation pre-cast blocks are
designed from ordinary concrete (density 2300 kg/m3) C30/37 - XC1 with B 500B reinforcement.
Figure 7: The overview of the foundation pre-cast blocks arrangement.
3.2.7 CAVE WALLS
3.2.7.1 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the basic requirements for the experimental cave walls.
R10. The material of the walls shall be heavy concrete with a density of at least 3.8 g/cm3.
R11. The walls shall be covered with a boron-containing layer with the equivalent of 3 kg of
pure B4C per 1 m2.
R12. The front wall shall have a thickness of 65 cm.
R13. The back and left (towards NMX; south) walls shall have a thickness of 55 cm.
R14. The right (towards C-SPEC, north) wall shall have a thickness of 65 cm to the kink
(5390 mm from the front wall) and 55 cm from the kink.
R15. Walls shall accommodate the railing system for the inner crane.
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R16. The front wall shall be compatible with the common shielding blocks.
R17. The front wall shall accommodate the guide system feedthrough.
R18. The front wall shall create a platform for the last support leg of the guide system.
R19. The front wall shall accommodate the cable and pipes feedthrough chicanes with an
overall area of at least 24 dm2.
R20. The back wall shall accommodate the cable feedthrough chicanes with an overall area of
at least 9.6 dm2.
R21. The front wall shall allow future access and installation of the fire suppression system.
R22. The walls shall not allow direct beam streaming. The block’s chicane overlap shall be at
least 15 cm.
R23. The back wall shall accommodate the attachment of the beam stop.
R24. The chicane wall (interior) located 120 cm in front of the service/personal entry shall be
55 cm thick, 340 cm in length and 250 cm in height, covered on the front end with a
steel plate of thickness of 5 cm.
3.2.7.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the further analysis
needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to the cave walls
design.
The cave walls are designed as shielding pre-cast reinforced concrete parts with appropriate
thickness. An opening with a clear diameter of 150 mm will be made in the front wall of the cave (the
axis at the level of TCS+0.137 m) suitable for the neutron guide feedthrough. The conceptual design
of the guide feedthrough is not finalised here due to the lack of interface details at the design time. The
dimensions of an ordinary wall panel are the following, the length of 6300 mm, the width of 720 mm,
and the thickness of 550/650 mm. For the service/personal entrance, the shielding partition block
(chicane) is designed inside the cave (thickness 550 mm and height 2500 mm). The space between
the side wall near the personal entrance and the shielding partition block is 1200 mm. The overview
of the pre-cast block wall panel arrangement is shown in Figure 8.
Ordinary wall panels are complemented by the corner and additional panels for peripheral wall
connection. Wall panels are installed on foundation blocks (see Chapter 3.2.6). The wall panels are
joined to each other by internal steel rods and anchoring plates. The top of the wall panels is shaped
to accommodate ceiling panels.
The pre-cast wall parts are designed from reinforced heavy concrete (magnetite-containing concrete
- density 3850 kg/m3), strength class C30/37 - XC1 with B 500B reinforcement. To ensure shielding
properties and protects the wall structure from activation, the inside surfaces of the cave will be
coated with special boron carbide (B4C) tiles.
A series of feedthrough for the cables and pipes are designed on the front (5x4), back (4x4) and left
(2x2) walls (see Figure 8). They are formed in the pre-casted wall blocks with a cross-section of
60x200 mm2 (HxW). The passage of the feedthrough is angled (45°) upwards from outside with the
surface of the wall to prevent the streaming. The total area of the feedthrough is 24 dm2 on the front
wall, 9.6 dm2 on the back wall and 4.8 dm2 on the left wall. On the front wall, there is also separate
feedthrough for the sprinkler pipe with a diameter of 40 mm at the same angle as for the
feedthrough.
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Figure 8: The overview of the wall pre-cast panels arrangement.
3.2.8 CAVE INNER FLOOR AND CEILING
3.2.8.1 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the basic requirements for the experimental cave inner floor (elevated floor above the E01
floor level) and the cave ceiling.
R25. The cave floor and ceiling should use normal concrete with a density of 2.35 g/cm3.
R26. The cave floor and ceiling shall be covered with a boron-containing layer with the
equivalent of 3 kg of pure B4C per 1 m2.
R27. The cave floor shall have an upper surface of 1.5 m above the E01 level and a thickness
of at least 30 cm.
R28. The cave floor surface finish should be smooth and flat, suitable for air-cushion
transport platform access.
R29. The cave floor shall have a load capacity of 4 t/m2 everywhere with reinforcement to
5 t/m2 under the incoming beam in the width of at least 1 m.
R30. The cave floor shall include a shaft (octagonal pit) centred at the sample position (TCS
coordinates x=-128945.59, y=91477.05) with reinforced walls for the sample tower
(design Hereon).
R31. The elevated platform shall accommodate the embedded jars for the kinematics mounts
of the detector support structures (design and positions provided by Hereon).
R32. The space of the entry bay shall have a protective fence at the edge of the false floor,
but it shall also enable personal access (ladder) on the E01 floor level.
R33. All access paths below false floor area shell be limited by protective fences.
R34. The cave ceiling shall have a thickness of 70 cm.
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R35. The ceiling structure shall allow roof opening above the sample position with
R36. dimensions at least 2.5x2.5 m and at the rear wall of the cave with dimensions
2.5 x 4.5 m2 (L x W).
The cave ceiling should be accessible, but no working area is expected there.
3.2.8.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the further analysis
needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to the cave floor
and ceiling design.
The upper level of the experimental cave floor platform is TCS-1.5 m. The cave floor is designed from
pre-cast reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 250 mm, concrete C30/37, XC1, and a density
of 2300 kg/m3. The floor panels will be laid on the foundation blocks and provided with a concrete
screed (30 MPa) of the thickness of 36 mm, levelling layer (if needed) – a self-levelling screed on a
cement basis of the thickness of 3 mm and the shielding B4C tiles. The flatness of the final surface
will be provided with an epoxy layer (colour shade provided, thickness 3 mm).
The embedded jar for the kinematic mounts will be placed in the pre-casted platform panels. The
process of the placement was not developed yet due to the lack of details from the in-kind partner
at the time.
The floor composition with a shielding layer is designed on the upper surface of the platform. The
maximum load on the platform is designed at the level of 4 t/m2 over the entire area, except for the
area between the sample tower shaft and the front wall, where the maximum load will be increased
to 5 t/m2 due to the placement of an additional shielding around a guide exchanger. The entry bay
with a footprint area of 2150×3650 mm2 is designed to enable large samples and sample
environments handling in and out of the cave using a transport moving on the E01 floor level (TCS-
3 m). At the axis of the sample position, the octagonal sample tower shaft with inner dimensions of
1900×1900 mm is designed. The centre of the octagonal pit for the sample tower (sample position)
is situated 3350 mm away from the front wall and is aligned with the sample axis (TCS coordinates
x=-128945.59, y=91477.05). The edge of the pit is lined at the elevated floor level with a
60×40×5 mm3 steel L profile fixed to the concrete floor. The overview of the cave floor panel
arrangement is shown in Figure 9.
The ceiling above the experimental cave is also designed as a shielding. It consists of pre-cast
reinforced concrete – removable ceiling panels (thickness 700 mm) and 3 pcs of fixed ceiling beams.
The pre-cast ceiling panels are designed from normal concrete with a density of 2300 kg/m3, strength
class C30/37 - XC1 with B 500B reinforcement.
The ceiling beams are fixed. The ceiling panels are demountable. If necessary, they can be dismantled
using the crane in E01 with a maximal load capacity of 10 tons. The ceiling panels are fitted with
anchor points for the fall protection system. The anchors with permanent steel rope are designed.
The overview of the ceiling panel arrangement is shown in Figure 10.
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Figure 9: The overview of the cave floor platform (pre-cast panels) arrangement.
Figure 10: The overview of the ceiling pre-cast panels and beams arrangement.
3.2.9 PERSONAL ENTRY
3.2.9.1 DESCRIPTION
The personal entry at the level of the cave floor will be used for quick access into the cave during the
setting up of the experiment. The design of the shielding is done in such a way that the door material
doesn’t need to have a shielding property, and even during the running experiment, the door area
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 18/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
is safe from radiation exposure. The door must have a lock system and must be equipped with
switches monitoring the status in the close position. The switches and locking system will be part of
PSS, and will be installed and connected by the PSS group at ESS. The design of the personal entry
has to be fully compatible with the dedicated types of hardware listed below.
3.2.9.2 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the base requirements for the experimental cave personal entry.
R37. The personal entry into the cave shall be at the height of the cave floor (TCS+1.5 m).
R38. The personal entry shall have easy access from the E01 floor.
R39. The personal entry should allow easy access from the control hutch.
R40. The personal entry shall contain a fence or door-like system to prevent entry.
R41. Two safety switches shall be incorporated in the personal entry door design to monitor
the closed position of the doors. The specific details are listed below. The hardware will
be delivered and connected by the PSS group.
o One safety-classified mechanical switch will be connected to the PSS system and
detect the closed position. Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design
adaptation must be fully compatible with the switch SIEMENS 3SE5112-1QV102 or
3SE5212-0QV403 with the actuator 3SE5000-0AV07-1AK24. The actuator head shall
be extended only when the door is in a closed position. When the door is in the
opened position, the actuator head shall be retracted. Guidelines for actuation,
travel range and adjustment of the switches are available from the ESS PSS group.
o One safety-classified magnetic switch will be connected to the PSS system and
detect the closed position. Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design
adaptation must be fully compatible with the switch SIEMENS 3SE6604-2BA5 with
solenoid 3SE6704-2BA6 and the spacer for rectangular block 3SX32607 to detect the
closed position of the door.
R42. The locking system shall be incorporated in the personal entry door to prevent its
opening when locked but allow the emergency escape when needed. The hardware will
be delivered and connected by the PSS group.
o The safety lock for the access door to the experimental cave, with escape release
from inside, will be installed on the door system and connected to the PSS system.
Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design adaptation must be fully
compatible with the Fortress amGardpro ITM-00230775A1788778.
3.2.9.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the further analysis
2 Switch body – SIEMENS 3SE5112-1QV10
3 Switch body – SIEMENS S3SE5212-0QV40
4 Head part – SIEMENS 3SE5000-0AV07-1AK2
5 Switch body – SIEMENS 3SE6604-2BA
6 Solenoid – SIEMENS 3SE6704-2BA
7 Spacer – SIEMENS 3SX3260
8 Fortress amGardpro – ITM-00230775A178877
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needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to the personal entry
design.
The personal entry to the experimental cave is from the floor of E01 at the level of TCS-3 m, using
an external steel staircase. The steel staircase is designed to overcome the height of 1500 mm. The
steel staircase is also used for access to the control hutch. The staircase will be provided with a
handrail of 1000 mm in height. The overview is depicted in Figure 11.
To enter the experimental cave, at a level of TCS-1.5 m, a single-wing rotary door (aluminium wing
and Al frame) is designed - dimensions 900×2000 mm. This door is equipped with a magnetic lock
connected to PSS (see R42).
The personal entry door will be painted with the colour RAL 6032 - Signal Green, door frame with
RAL 9005 - Black.
Experimental Cave (EC)
Personal entrances
Staircase
Figure 11: The overview of the access staircase for the personal entrance.
3.3 UNIT 2 – CAVE SLIDING DOOR
3.3.1 DESCRIPTION
The heavy sliding door is used to shield the radiation from inside the cave through the entry bay
during the experiment and also to allow access to the voluminous samples and sample environments
in the cave. The door shall be equipped with switches which will monitor the status of the door and
will be connected to PSS. The mechanism of opening/closing can be motorised or manual, but it
needs to fulfil the safety requirement for safe operation for the personnel.
If the operation of the door is motorized, then the PSS shall allow to interlock the main power to the
motor. PSS group has to be involved in electrical circuit design. The possibility of manual operation
shall be considered (when motor is out of service) and the possibility of locking the manual operation
mechanism (mechanical key interlock) should be considered.
3.3.2 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the basic requirements for the experimental cave sliding door system.
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R43. The thickness of the door shall be equivalent to 20 cm of steel plus an absorbing layer
R44. equivalent to 1 mm of B4C on the inner side.
R45.
R46. The door shall cover the entrance with the dimensions 2 x 2.1 m (W x H) with at least
R47. 15 cm overlap.
R48. The doors in the open position shall allow full usage of the entrance space.
R49. The time necessary for the full open/close shall be below 40 seconds.
R50.
R51. Two safety switches shall be incorporated in the heavy door design to monitor the
closed position of the doors. The specific details are listed below. The hardware will be
delivered by the PSS group.
o One safety-classified mechanical switch will be connected to the PSS system and
detect the closed position. Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design
adaptation must be fully compatible with the switch SIEMENS 3SE5112-1QV109 or
3SE5212-0QV4010 with the actuator 3SE5000-0AV07-1AK211. The actuator head shall
be extended only when the door is in a closed position. When the door is in the
opened position, the actuator head shall be retracted. Guidelines for actuation,
travel range and adjustment of the switches are available from the ESS PSS group.
o One safety-classified magnetic switch will be connected to the PSS system and
detect the closed position. Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design
adaptation must be fully compatible with the switch SIEMENS 3SE6604-2BA12 with
solenoid 3SE6704-2BA13 and the spacer for rectangular block 3SX326014 to detect
the closed position of the door.
If the door is designed with a manual opening mechanism, the locking system shall be
incorporated in the personal entry door to prevent its opening when locked but allow
the emergency escape when needed. The hardware will be delivered and connected by
the PSS group.
o The safety lock for the access door to the experimental cave, with escape release
from inside, will be installed on the door system and connected to the PSS system.
Due to the ESS safety requirements, the design adaptation must be fully
compatible with the Fortress amGardpro ITM-00230775A17887715.
The gap between the door and the cave wall should be as small as technically feasible,
but it shall be smaller than 4 cm.
The gap between the door and the E01 floor should be as small as technically feasible,
but it shall be smaller than 4 cm.
The door system shall ensure a safe operation for the personnel.
9 Switch body – SIEMENS 3SE5112-1QV10
10 Switch body – SIEMENS S3SE5212-0QV40
11 Head part – SIEMENS 3SE5000-0AV07-1AK2
12 Switch body – SIEMENS 3SE6604-2BA
13 Solenoid – SIEMENS 3SE6704-2BA
14 Spacer – SIEMENS 3SX3260
15 Fortress amGardpro – ITM-00230775A178877
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 21/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
3.3.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the DPS01.07-Sliding door -
Technical report [13]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the
further analysis needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to
the sliding door design.
The shielding part is designed as the sandwich structure of carbon metal sheets in appropriate
dimensions – see Figure 12, covered by a 1 mm B4C layer equivalent for neutron shielding on the
inner side (e.g. 2 mm layer of composite 20% resin + 80% B4C powder). The sheets are made from
construction carbon steel S235JR+N with less than 0.2% of cobalt. This content must be confirmed
by certificate 3.1 according to EN 10204.
Figure 12: The shielding part of the sliding doors.
The beam is manufactured from the IPE profile according to DIN 1025-5, size 300 mm and length
5400 mm. The material is carbon steel S355J2 with less than 0.2% of cobalt. This content must be
confirmed by certificate 3.1 according to EN 10204. On the beam profile are mounted consoles for
installation on the experimental cave wall.
As the translation parts are used, the carriages with wheels. These wheels run on the profiles for
guidance. In Figure 13, the carriage on the left side is without drive; it is meant to be without an
action part. The carriage on the right side includes a drive. The drive consists of a motor, gearbox
and pinion.
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 22/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
Figure 13: 3D view of the closed (left) and open (right) sliding door of the experimental cave.
3.4 UNIT 3 – CAVE INTERNAL CRANE
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION
The cave internal crane will be used for the manipulation of the voluminous or heavy samples and
sample environments from the entry bay onto the sample position or the cave floor. It will also use
for the mounting/dismounting of the detectors and the radial collimators assemblies. The detector
handling requires smooth acceleration of the crane movements. The hook print should be maximised
to allow as large coverage as possible. The same applies to the maximal hook height. The design
should allow for maximising the cave height usage.
3.4.2 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the base requirements for the experimental cave interval crane system.
R52. The internal crane shall have a maximal load of at least 4 t.
R53. The crane control shall allow smooth movement acceleration.
R54. The maximum hook height should be at least 4 m above the cave floor.
R55. The hook-print should be maximised, but it shall at least cover the middle points of the
roof opening ports (above sample and at the cave rear) and the entry bay.
3.4.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the further analysis
needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to the cave's internal
crane design.
Below the ceiling will be a crane track for a single-track bridge crane with a load capacity of 4t. The
crane tracks will be mounted on brackets and steel anchor plates, with an upper rail level of
TCS+3.1 m. One horizontal beam will be supported in the middle by a steel pillar. The crane track
span is 8.6 m.
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For moving heavier loads inside the cave, a bridge crane with a lifting capacity of 4 t and hook height
level TCS+2.3 m (4.0 m above the cave floor) will be used. The bridge crane allows easy movement
and positioning of the samples and equipment within the experimental Cave. The bridge crane
moves on the track at a level of TCS+3.1 m in the full length of the experimental Cave. The bridge
crane has technical parameters listed in Table 2 and the schematic is presented in Figure 14.
Table 2: The crane parameters.
4t CXTS Single Girder Crane
Bridge span 8 600 mm Crane control Radio remote control
Lifting capacity 4000 kg Main Voltage 3×400V, 50Hz
Runway length 11 800 mm Control voltage 48V, 50Hz
Lifting height 5.2 m Operating temperature +5° to +40° C
Hook type HBC 2.5 Dead weight 1 660 kg
Hoist travel speed 20 m/min – step-less Lifting speed 0.11/5.6 m/min – step-less
Bridge travel speed 20 m/min – step-less
For the crane track and its support, it is proposed to install steel support brackets into the
experimental cave walls before concreting, on which the crane beams will be installed. The steel
structure of the crane track will be coated – with polyurethane paint, shade 9005 - black.
Figure 14: The schematic view of the bridge crane situation within the cave.
3.5 UNIT 4 – CAVE BEAM-STOP
3.5.1 DESCRIPTION
The beam-stop purpose is to stop the primary neutron beam passed through the sample position.
The size of the beam-stop has to be big enough to capture diverging neutron beam coming from
the neutron guide system at the front part of the cave. It has to prevent back-scattering of the
neutrons and reduce gamma radiation produced by neutron capture.
Nuclear Physics Institute, CAS Page 24/27 BEER – Experimental cave technical requirements and design description
The material design and dimensions of the beam-stop come from the radiological calculations
mentioned in Chapter 3.2 and they should not be changed, or new calculations shall be provided.
3.5.2 REQUIREMENTS
Below are the base requirements for the experimental cave beam-stop system.
R56. The beam-stop shall cover the active area of at least 25 x 40 cm (W x H) of the
maximally diverged neutron beam.
R57. The beam stop shall be attached to the rear wall with the centre at the axis of the
neutron beam.
R58. The beam-stop active area shall contain a 2 cm thick boron-containing plate (material
with a minimum of 80% of pure B4C).
R59. The active area of the beam-stop shall be embedded in a lead dousing with a thickness
of at least 3 cm towards the rear wall and at least 1 cm in the lateral directions.
3.5.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The detailed description of the conceptual design is summarised in the Technical report for Civil part
[8]. The above-mentioned report can be used as the template and guidance for the further analysis
needed in the final design. Below is the extract of the design description related to the cave beam-
stop design.
On the back wall of the cave, a beam stop is to be equipped to attenuate the direct neutron beam.
The beam stop was modelled as a 20 mm plate of B4C housed in a lead shell. The detailed beam stop
concept is shown in Figure 15.
It will be installed in the experimental cave on its back wall, and it will be an integral part of the wall.
The structure of the beam-stop consists of a 20 mm thick plate of B4C embedded in a lead block. The
lead block surrounds the B4C plate in the perpendicular direction to the neutron beam to shield a
prompt γ radiation produced by the interaction of the neutrons with the boron. The size of the beam
stop is designed to be able to accommodate the size of the full uncollimated divergent beam.
Figure 15: The cave beam-stop detailed description. Left – side view, right – front/along-beam view.
3.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The conceptual design reports and drawings are available on request. The summarised list of the
available documents is presented in Table 3.
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Table 3: The list of available documents and drawings from the conceptual design of the cave.
Reports
ESS-0461627 Technical report for Civil part
ESS-0461612 Static analysis and technical report - Steel structures
ESS-1407490 DPS01.07-Sliding door - Technical report
Drawings cave
ESS-0461613 Ground plan level -3,000 m
ESS-0461617 Ground plan level -1,500 m
ESS-0461618 Ground plan level +0,600 m
ESS-0461614 Sections 1-1', 2-2', 6-6’
ESS-0461615 Sections 3-3', 4-4’, 5-5'
ESS-0461626 Views
ESS-0461619 Ground plan of the roof
ESS-0461628 Cassette ceiling
ESS-0461625 Details of cable penetrations through EC wall
ESS-0461622 Staircase 8/Z – section, ground plan
ESS-0461623 Staircase 8/Z – section, detail 1,2
ESS-0461624 List of locksmith products
ESS-0462075 Railing 9Z - View - Detail
Drawings sliding door
ESS-0462070 DPS.01.07 – Sliding door - assembly - Drawing
ESS-0462628 DPS.01.07 – Sliding door – Carriages with engine - Drawing
ESS-0462629 DPS.01.07 – Sliding door – Carriages - Drawing
ESS-0462631 DPS.01.07 – Sliding door – Beam - Beam
ESS-0462632 DPS.01.07 – Sliding door – Shielding part - Drawing
ESS-1423178 DPS01.07 - Sliding door - 3D model - STEP
ESS-1423273 DPS01.07 - Sliding door - Bill of quantities
ESS-1423276 BOM - Carriages
ESS-1423279 BOM - Trolley
ESS-1423281 BOM - Beam
ESS-1423282 BOM - Door
ESS-2487562 BOM - Sliding door
4 REFERENCES
[1] BEER - Concept of Operations (ESS-0124310)
[2] BEER PBS (ESS-0135521)
[3] BEER - System Requirements (ESS-0124328)
[4] ESS – Instrument Technical Interfaces (ESS-0403282)
[5] Radiological requirements and guidelines for instrument shielding design (ESS-1108220)
[6] BEER - H1 and H2 scenarios for radiation shielding (ESS-1407242)
[7] BEER – Radiation Safety Analysis (ESS-0432365)
[8] Technical report for Civil part (ESS-0461627)
[9] NSS zoning document - part I (ESS-0051603)
[10] ESS rules for supervised and controlled radiation areas (ESS-0001786)
[11] Static analysis and technical report (ESS-0461611)
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[12] Basis of structural design Basis of structural design (SS-EN 1990)
[13] DPS01.07-Sliding door - Technical report (ESS-1407490)
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